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Fridge-Freezer Combos. Furniture and Decor. Household appliance supplies. BZs reach their maximal efficacy rapidly, but these effects level off after about 4 weeks of regular treatment. Conversely, ADs reach their maximal efficacy within weeks if patients can tolerate the side-effects, that is. It should be noted, however, that BZs are not free of adverse effects; indeed, they have been shown to lead to cognitive impairments and an increased risk of developing dementia when prescribed for long periods of time [ 11 — 13 ].
Given these contrasting temporal profiles, we recommend the combined use of BZs and ADs during the first weeks of medication treatment, followed by careful tapering of the BZ dosage, or reduction to use only as-needed PRN to augment continued AD use. We believe this type of combined use could minimize the adverse risks of BZs, while potentially improving AD treatment compliance by attenuating initial unpleasant side-effects.
These are of course broad recommendations based on the results of this one meta-analysis, and prescribing decisions are made weighing a number of factors in addition to the risk-benefit assessment. Although this study did not examine psychosocial treatments for GAD, it should be mentioned that cognitive-behavioral therapy CBT is also considered a first-line intervention for GAD.
The authors thank J Curtiss from Boston University for his assistance in formulating the statistical analysis plan. He is also supported by the James S. He also receives royalties and payments for his editorial work from various publishers.
The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
One referee declares that they have worked as a consultant for Lundbeck. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Expert Opin Pharmacother. Author manuscript; available in PMC Aug Angelina F.
Gomez , Abigail L. Barthel , and Stefan G. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Contact: Dr S G Hoffman: ude. Copyright notice. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Expert Opin Pharmacother. See other articles in PMC that cite the published article.
Areas Covered: This study provides a meta-analytic review of the efficacy of these medications in the treatment of adults with GAD. Expert opinion: These findings were not due to differences in treatment length or publication year. Introduction Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD is characterized by persistent and uncontrollable worrythatis associated with various unpleasant physiological symptoms[ 1 ].
Method 2. Search Strategy A comprehensiveliterature search for randomized, placebo-controlled, pharmacotherapy trials was conducted using the PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science online databases. Quality Control Analyses Trial quality was assessed using recommendations from the Cochrane risk of bias tool[ 32 ].
Table 1. Study Characteristics. Open in a separate window. Results 3. Study Characteristics Our initial search yielded 1, results see Figure 1. Figure 1. Primary Efficacy and Moderator Analysis Results Controlled effect sizes, standard errors, and significance values for each study are reported in Table 2 , and visually presented in Figure 3. Figure 3.
Table 2. Effect Sizes and Statistics for Each Study. Quality Control Analyses Across the surveyed 54 articles, 12 were given a high overall risk rating, 9 were given a low overall risk score, and 33 were given an unclear overall risk rating. Figure 2. Moderator Analyses Moderator analyses were conducted to explore whether the effect of drug class was explained by any other moderator variable.
Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis provide a novel contribution to the recent interest in reappraising the role of BZs in the treatment of GAD.
Acknowledgments: The authors thank J Curtiss from Boston University for his assistance in formulating the statistical analysis plan. Funding: This manuscript was not funded. References 1. Treatment of anxiety disorders. Worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Reinhold JA, Rickels K. Pharmacological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder in adults. The pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders. An effect-size analysis of pharmacologic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder.
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Performance of the trim and fill method in the presence of publication bias and between-study heterogeneity. East Dane Designer Men's Fashion. Please make sure that you are posting in the form of a question. You have hmaa to save the following item to a parts list:. Alexa Actionable Analytics for the Web. Learn more about Amazon Prime. Item is in your Cart. The headset featuring a super sensitive frequency range of ,Hz, with an impedance of 32 Ohms and a sensitivity of dB, this Hama CS PC Headset guarantees you a high-quality audio experience that will leave you anything but disappointed.
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